Where are skilled workers moving in 2025? The trends in EU Permits

The ability to attract skilled talent has become a central factor in economic growth and innovation. As businesses and nations compete for the best minds, countries that make it easier for skilled professionals to relocate and work within their borders gain a competitive edge. 

Eurostat recently revealed data that shows significant differences in how European nations perform in this area, with some leading the way while others lag behind.

How many skilled workers are moving to Europe?

In 2023, around 89,000 highly qualified non-EU workers received an EU Blue Card, a work and residence permit designed for skilled professionals. Germany led the way, issuing 69,000 Blue Cards, 78% of the EU total. Poland and France followed, with 7,000 and 4,000 Blue Cards respectively. The top recipients were citizens of India (24%), Russia (11%), Turkey (7%), and Belarus (6%).

Beyond work permits, the EU also granted 451,000 authorizations for researchers and students. Germany again topped the list with 144,000 permits, followed by France (117,000) and Spain (55,000). Most of these went to citizens of India (11%), China (10%), Morocco (5%), and the United States (5%).

For intra-company transfers, the Netherlands issued the most permits (2,700), followed by Germany and Hungary (1,900 each). India, China, and South Korea were the primary beneficiaries of these transfers.

The best countries at attracting and retaining talent

Western Europe dominates the global talent rankings, with nine of the top 10 spots in the IMD World Talent Ranking. Switzerland holds the top position, excelling in appeal and readiness despite high living costs. Denmark and Norway follow closely, with Finland and Sweden also ranking in the top 10. Canada is the only non-European country in this elite group, while the US sits just outside at 12th place.

Eastern European countries, however, struggle to compete. Estonia leads the region at 28th, with others further down the list. In Asia, Singapore and Hong Kong perform well, but China faces challenges in attracting foreign talent due to lower education spending and other barriers.

What’s next for Europe’s talent competition?

This data highlights how important international mobility has become for both national economies and individual businesses. The movement of skilled professionals across borders is no longer a side trend, it’s become central to Europe’s economic, social, and technological progress.

The numbers show both progress and gaps:

• Germany’s strong performance in issuing EU Blue Cards and research permits shows the benefits of clear immigration rules and strong support for researchers.
• Western and Northern European countries continue to attract talent thanks to high living standards, good education systems, and helpful support for newcomers.
• Eastern and Southern European countries are improving, but still face obstacles like heavy bureaucracy, limited support for migrants, and lower global visibility.

These differences have real effects on innovation, business growth, and how well countries can adapt to change.

Why skilled talent is so important right now

As digital tools evolve, green industries grow, and populations age, finding the right talent is more important than ever. Skilled workers drive innovation, help companies grow into new markets, and strengthen diverse, forward-thinking teams. They also:

• Fill important roles and support digital change,
• Fill skill gaps when local talent is not available,
• Help companies grow internationally,
• Bring fresh ideas and continuous improvement.

Turning Insights into Action

To keep attracting talent, Europe needs to take practical steps:

For Policymakers:

• Make immigration processes simpler and more consistent across the EU,
• Speed up the process of recognizing foreign qualifications,
• Invest in language learning and local integration programs,
• Highlight Europe’s strengths—its diversity, quality of life, and innovation—internationally.

For Businesses:

• Work with trusted partners who understand both the rules and the people involved in relocation,
• Focus on the experience of international hires by offering personal, thoughtful support,
• Build workplaces where different cultures and perspectives are welcome,
• Share feedback with policymakers and help shape systems that work better for talent.

Looking ahead: Europe’s role and responsibility

The actions taken now by governments, companies, and communities will shape Europe’s future. Countries that succeed will be those that:

• Welcome international talent and see it as a strength,
• Support people after they arrive,
• Promote inclusion as a way forward,
• Work together across sectors to improve systems.

In a changing world, skilled people are one of the most valuable resources. Europe’s ability to attract, support, and keep them will shape its future success, not just in the economy, but in innovation, community, and leadership.