Can US Citizens Keep Their Citizenship When Moving to Europe?

Introduction

A common question among US citizens considering a move to Europe is: “Will I have to give up my US citizenship?”

For most Americans, the answer remains no. In 2026, the United States continues to allow its citizens to live abroad and even acquire another nationality without automatically losing US citizenship. Depending on the destination country, some Americans may also qualify for dual citizenship.

This guide explains how dual citizenship works, how US and EU rules interact, and what Americans should consider legally and financially when relocating to Europe.

What Is Dual Citizenship?

Dual citizenship means being a legal citizen of two countries at the same time. You hold two valid passports, can live and work in both countries, and enjoy the legal rights of each.

Does the US Allow Dual Citizenship?

Yes. The United States allows dual citizenship. US citizens do not have to renounce their nationality when acquiring a second one—unless they do so voluntarily.

However, you:

• Must continue to file US tax returns
  
• Must enter/exit the US on a US passport
  
• Remain subject to FATCA and FBAR rules
  

More info: US State Department – Dual Nationality

Which EU Countries Allow Dual Citizenship?

Here’s a snapshot of EU policies as of 2026:

How to Qualify for Citizenship in Europe

Most Americans gain European citizenship through naturalization, which typically requires:

• 5–10 years of legal residency
  
• Language and cultural integration
  
• No criminal record
  
• Renunciation may be required (check specific country rules)
  

Some fast-track options include:

• Marriage to an EU citizen (e.g., Italy, France)
  
• Long-term residency + integration (e.g., Portugal: 5 years)
  
• Descent (e.g., Ireland if you have Irish grandparents)
  

What About Taxes?

US citizens remain subject to US tax filing obligations no matter where they live.

Key considerations in 2026 include:

• Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE): Allows exclusion of up to approximately $120,000+ of foreign-earned income (indexed annually)
• Foreign Tax Credit (FTC): Offsets US tax liability when taxes are paid abroad
• FATCA and FBAR: Mandatory reporting of foreign bank accounts and assets above set thresholds

While many Americans do not end up paying double tax, compliance can be complex. Professional tax advice is strongly recommended.

Pros of Dual Citizenship

• Live, work, and travel freely in both countries
  
• Voting rights and consular protection
  
• Easier property ownership or inheritance in EU
  
• Secure status (no need to renew visas)
  

Cons to Be Aware Of

• Dual taxation obligations (especially for high earners)
  
• Military obligations (rare, but may exist in some countries)
  
• Complicated estate planning and cross-border legal issues
  

Conclusion

In 2026, US citizens can continue to keep their US citizenship while living in Europe. Many can also acquire European citizenship and hold dual nationality, depending on the country and pathway chosen.

However, dual citizenship is not just a legal status—it comes with financial, tax, and compliance responsibilities. Understanding these obligations early helps avoid costly surprises and ensures a smooth long-term transition.

Jobbatical supports Americans relocating to Europe with expert guidance on residency, citizenship pathways, and cross-border mobility planning—helping individuals and employers navigate the process with confidence.

Disclaimer:

Immigration laws and policies change frequently and may vary by country or nationality. While we strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, we recommend doing your own due diligence or consulting official sources. You're also welcome to contact us directly for the latest guidance. Jobbatical is not responsible for decisions made based on the information provided.

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