EU/EEA license holders can drive with their valid license until it expires. Non-EU holders from reciprocity countries can drive for up to 185 days (non-residents) or 90 days (residents) with their foreign license. Non-agreement country licenses are invalid for residents after 90 days.012

No, you must surrender your original license, which is returned to the issuing country. You can request its return when leaving Portugal by surrendering the Portuguese license.02

Submit an application via the IMT online portal or in person at an IMT office. Provide required documents, pay a €30 fee, and attend an appointment for biometric data collection (photo, signature). Non-EU applicants may need to book an appointment in advance.024

EU/EEA license holders and those from countries with bilateral agreements (e.g., Brazil, USA, UK) typically don’t need a test if exchanged within 2 years of residency. Non-agreement country licenses require both theoretical and practical tests.029

The process takes an average of 60 days, during which a temporary license (guia) is issued. Delays may occur for non-EU licenses or if tests are required. The final license is mailed to your registered address.06

EU/EEA citizens must register their license within 60 days of establishing residency. Non-EU citizens, including those from countries with bilateral agreements, must exchange their license within 90 days of residency (or 2 years without a test). Licenses from non-agreement countries require immediate exchange with a driving test.029

Driving without exchanging a license after the mandatory period (90 days for residents, 2 years for some non-EU) is illegal, potentially leading to fines (€120-€600), license confiscation, or insurance issues in case of accidents.47

You need a valid foreign driver’s license, passport or ID, proof of residence (e.g., residence permit, utility bill), Portuguese tax number (NIF), an electronic medical certificate, and, for some categories (e.g., C, D), a psychological assessment. Non-EU licenses may require a certificate of authenticity and translation.027

For a lost license, obtain a lost title certificate from the issuing authority. Expired licenses must be renewed in the home country first or require taking Portuguese driving tests. You’ll need to provide additional documentation to prove driving history.04

The standard exchange fee is €30. Additional costs may include a €30 driving test (for non-agreement countries), €15 learner’s permit (if needed), and translation/legalization fees (€50-€200). Medical/psychological certificates cost €30-€50 each.02