Absence should not exceed 6 continuous months or 10 months total in 5 years; up to 12 months allowed for labor reasons.

No, a different process under the EU regime applies.

No, they gain eligibility for residency, not automatic citizenship.

Digital Nomad Visa for families, student/staff visas, EU Blue Card for high-skilled dependents.

Apply for the Foreigner Identity Card (TIE) within 1 month, register address (empadronamiento).

Insufficient income, incomplete/incorrect documents, missing health insurance, inability to prove family ties, or legal issues.

Yes, but usually only after the sponsor has resided in Spain for 5 years and for parents over 65.

Yes, adult family members receive a residence/work permit and children can study in Spain.

Typically same as the sponsor’s residence permit (renewable).

3 months for reunification authorization, 1 month for visa at consulate, 1–2 months for residence card.

Sponsor applies in Spain for authorization, then the family member applies for the visa at a consulate. Post-approval, applicant travels and registers (TIE card).

Yes, unless family member qualifies for Spanish public healthcare. Insurance must offer full coverage.

Marriage or partnership certificate (spouse), birth/adoption certificate (child or parent), legalized and translated.

Application form (EX-02), passport, biometric photos, sponsor’s TIE/DNI, proof of income and housing, marriage or birth certificates, criminal record and medical certificates, and private health insurance covering €30,000 in Spain. All foreign documents must be legalized/apostilled and officially translated into Spanish.

In 2025, the sponsor must show income equal to at least 150% of IPREM (approx. €14,400/year for two people), plus 50% of IPREM (~€3,600) for each additional family member. Adequate housing must also be demonstrated.

Spouses/registered partners, children under 18 (or disabled), dependent parents over 65.

Spanish citizens and legal non-EU residents who have lived in Spain for at least 1 year on a renewable residence permit. For sponsoring parents, the sponsor typically needs at least 5 years of residence.

A residence permit that allows non-EU family members (spouse, children, dependent parents) of Spanish citizens or legal residents to join them in Spain for more than 90 days. It grants the right to live, study, and in most cases, work in Spain.