Can US Citizens Keep Their Citizenship When Moving to Europe?

Introduction

A common question among US citizens considering a move to Europe is: "Will I have to give up my US citizenship?"

The good news is, in most cases, you can keep your US citizenship while living abroad. Some Americans even qualify for dual citizenship, depending on the country.

This article explains what dual citizenship means, how it works in popular EU countries, and what to consider legally and financially as an American living in Europe.

What Is Dual Citizenship?

Dual citizenship means being a legal citizen of two countries at the same time. You hold two valid passports, can live and work in both countries, and enjoy the legal rights of each.

Does the US Allow Dual Citizenship?

Yes. The United States allows dual citizenship. US citizens do not have to renounce their nationality when acquiring a second one—unless they do so voluntarily.

However, you:

• Must continue to file US tax returns
  
• Must enter/exit the US on a US passport
  
• Remain subject to FATCA and FBAR rules
  

More info: US State Department – Dual Nationality

Which EU Countries Allow Dual Citizenship?

Here’s a snapshot of EU policies as of 2025:

How to Qualify for Citizenship in Europe

Most Americans gain European citizenship through naturalization, which typically requires:

• 5–10 years of legal residency
  
• Language and cultural integration
  
• No criminal record
  
• Renunciation may be required (check specific country rules)
  

Some fast-track options include:

• Marriage to an EU citizen (e.g., Italy, France)
  
• Long-term residency + integration (e.g., Portugal: 5 years)
  
• Descent (e.g., Ireland if you have Irish grandparents)
  

What About Taxes?

US citizens must file annual tax returns no matter where they live. However:

• The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) lets you exclude up to $120,000 (2025) in foreign income
  
• Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) reduces double taxation
  
• FATCA & FBAR require you to report foreign assets if thresholds are met
  

Always consult a tax advisor specializing in expat taxation.

Pros of Dual Citizenship

• Live, work, and travel freely in both countries
  
• Voting rights and consular protection
  
• Easier property ownership or inheritance in EU
  
• Secure status (no need to renew visas)
  

Cons to Be Aware Of

• Dual taxation obligations (especially for high earners)
  
• Military obligations (rare, but may exist in some countries)
  
• Complicated estate planning and cross-border legal issues
  

Real-World Example

"I moved to Germany in 2018, became a permanent resident in 2021, and applied for citizenship in 2024. Thanks to new laws, I’ll keep my US passport and get a German one too—it’s been a game-changer for my career and family." — Maria B., originally from Seattle

Conclusion

Yes, Americans can keep their US citizenship while living in Europe. In many cases, you can even apply for dual citizenship and enjoy the benefits of both worlds.

However, understanding the legal, tax, and procedural aspects is essential. With Jobbatical, you can explore your options and get expert help every step of the way.

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